Meningioma - Symptoms & Causes

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What is meningioma?

Meningioma is a type of brain tumour that arises from the meninges, the layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord. While the majority of meningiomas are benign (non-cancerous), they can vary in their growth rate and potential impact on surrounding neurological structures.

What are the symptoms of meningioma?

The symptoms of meningioma largely depend on the tumour's size and location. Common symptoms include:

Headaches
Seizures
Visual disturbances
Hearing loss or ringing in the ears
Memory loss
Personality changes
Weakness in arms or legs
Difficulty speaking

What causes meningioma?

The exact causes of meningiomas are not well understood. However, certain factors have been identified that may increase the risk of developing meningiomas:

Gender. Women are more likely to develop meningiomas, possibly linked to hormonal factors.
Radiation exposure. Exposure to ionising radiation is a known risk factor.
Genetics. Family history of meningiomas may increase risk.

While most meningiomas grow slowly, their location and size can lead to serious complications, including:

Increased intracranial pressure
Hydrocephalus (accumulation of fluid in the brain)
Impaired brain function
Permanent neurological damage
Rarely, malignant transformation into cancerous forms

How do you prevent meningioma?

There are no guaranteed methods to prevent meningiomas. Minimising exposure to known risk factors such as ionising radiation might reduce risk. Regular check-ups can help in early detection and management of the condition, especially for those with a family history of brain tumours.